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"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing"
Edmund Burke


Jorie Gracen v. The Bradford Exchange, 698 F.2d 300 (7th Cir. 1983)

In 1939 MGM produced and copyrighted the movie "The Wizard of Oz." In 1976 MGM licensed Bradford Exchange to use characters and scenes from the movie in a series of collectors' plates. Bradford invited several artists to submit paintings of Dorothy as played by Judy Garland, with the understanding that the artist who submitted the best painting would be offered a contract for the entire series. Jorie Gracen, an employee in Bradford's order-processing department, was permitted to join the competition.

Bradford pronounced Jorie Gracen the winner of the competition and offered her a contract to do the series, as well as paying her, as apparently it paid each of the other contestants, $200. But she did not like the contract terms and refused to sign, and Bradford turned to another artist, James Auckland, who had not been one of the original contestants. He signed a contract to do the series and Bradford gave him Miss Gracen's painting to help him in doing his painting of Dorothy.

Auckland completed the series, and the plates were manufactured and sold. Miss Gracen meanwhile had obtained copyright registrations on her painting and drawings, and in 1978 she brought this action for copyright infringement against MGM, Bradford, Auckland, and the manufacturer of the plates. MGM and Bradford counterclaimed, alleging among other things that Miss Gracen had infringed the copyright on the movie by showing her drawings and a photograph of her painting to people whom she was soliciting for artistic commissions..

The district court granted summary judgment against Miss Gracen on both the main claim and the counterclaim. It held that she could not copyright her painting and drawings because they were not original and that she had infringed MGM's copyright. The court entered judgment for $1500 on the counterclaim.

The court of appeals upheld the judgment dismissing the complaint and vacated the judgment on the counterclaim for further proceedings. The court felt she did not have a copyrightable interest therefor her copyright registration was invalid.

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